What is air pollution

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What is air pollution 
Source of air pollution 
Effects of air pollution 
Control of air pollution 
 and meny more..
  
What is air pollution:-
        Foreign particles or gases in the atmosphere which are harmful to human beings , other organisms and vegetation is called air pollution.                                  Source of air pollution:-
The major source of air pollution are 
:- Natural source
  and
:-man-made source
Natural sources:- 
Ultraviolet radiations and cosmic rays from the rays , land slides, volcanic erruptions which releases gases like co , so², H²s , etc . Release of natural gases parts of biological origin such as pollengrains and fungal spores etc causing air pollution.
Man-made sources :- 

1- Industries:- major pollutants released from the chimneys of the industries are co² , so² , H²s and hydrocarbons .
2- Refineries and Thermal plants :-  Burning of petroleum produces a mixture of gases like so³ , so² , co² , co , No² , No , H²s , hydrocarbons etc. 
:- Burning of coal in thermal plants produces Flyash , dust , grit, and outher suspended particulate matter in addition to the gaseous pollutants .
3- Crushers :- Industrial activities like crushing , blasting , grinding etc also produced a huge amount of silica dust as pollutant.
4- Agricultural activity :- Use of pesticides and weedicides release organophosphates , chlorinated hydrocarbons ,arsenic and lead to the atmosphere .
Nuclear explosion :- Ionising radiations like
Alpha particles and Beta particles and radioactive deadly rays are produced during testing of the nuclear weapons . 

Effects of air pollution:- 
   Air pollution has several adverse effects on human beings , outher animal, plants, buildings as well as on climate .
:- co interferes with the transport of oxygen by haemoglobin in the blood. It's binding with haemoglobin is about 200 times faster than oxygen to form carbony haemoglobin . Decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin leads to headache cardiovascular  malfunctioning , muscle weakness etc . at high concentration co causes unconsciousness and death.
:- increased co² conc . In atmosphere results in nausea and headache .
:- In atmosphere so² reacts with water vapour to form sulphuric acid which comes to earth surface by acid rain . it has irritating
effects on our skin, fishes and plants .
:- Lichens are best indicator of so² Pollution.
:- Nitrogen oxides cause respiratory problems lungs problem , kidney damage , eye irritation etc . 
:- Fluorides cases abnormal calcification of bones , teeth and fluorosis in animals.
:- Hydrocarbons cause eye irritation coughing sneezing , drowsiness , etc . Benzene is a hydrocarbon which causes leukaemia in human beings.

Effects of air pollution in plants:- 
 :- Excess so² causes chlorosis and necrosis in plants .
:- Oxides of nitrogen couses necrosis and death of many plants .
:- Fluorides cause chlorosis , necrosis and abseision of leaves .
:- Hydrocarbons cause premature leaf fall and fruit drop. 
:- particulate matter like spot and smoke settle on leaves and reduce the rate of photosynthesis .

Control of air pollution:-
:- Industries are to be established away from the residential areas .
:- Tall chimneys are to be construed in the Industries to avoid  pollution at ground levels 
:- Use of filters and electrostatic precipitates in the chimneys to separate particulate matter from the smoke.
:- separators should be used in the industry to settle down the particulate matters through centrifugation .
:- sulphur free and lead free fuel should be used for automobile to reduce air pollution .
:- Large scale plantation should be taken around the industrial areas as well as along roadsides to reduce particulate pollution .
:- It is more important to enforce laws and regulations to control the function of industries.


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